Authors:

S. Troisi^1-2, V. Petito¹, B. Rondinone¹, L. Masi¹, C. Pane², S. Distante¹, L.R. Lopetuso^3-4, A. Gasbarrini^1-4-5, F. Scaldaferri^1-4-5

Affiliations:

1. CeMAD Translational Research Laboratories, Digestive Disease center, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”; IRCCS, Rome, Italy,
2. Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), ‘G. D’Annunzio’, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
3. Department of Life Science, Health, and Health Professions Link Campus University, Rome, Italy
4. IBD unit, Digestive Disease center, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy,
5. Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart,Rome, Italy

Background and aims:

Sarcopenia represents a relevant systemic complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), emerging from complex interactions between chronic intestinal inflammation and microbial dysbiosis [1,2]. While acute models of DSS-induced colitis have provided preliminary insights into the early effects of inflammation on skeletal muscle—highlighting perturbations in inflammatory pathways and the gut microbiota—such models remain limited in their ability to replicate the prolonged and relapsing nature of intestinal disease [3]. A refined preclinical model is therefore needed to investigate the long-term impact of intestinal inflammation on muscle function. In this context, we developed and functionally characterized a chronic murine model of colitis to explore sarcopenia-related features, with particular attention to sustained inflammation and motor performance decline.

Methods:

To induce chronic colitis, C57BL/6 mice received three cycles of 2,5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 7 days, each followed by a 14-day recovery period. Disease Activity Index (DAI) was monitored longitudinally across the 9-week experimental timeline. Motor function was assessed using the rotarod test, performed every other day to evaluate changes in coordination and endurance over time. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA with repeated measures to assess differences in DAI and rotarod performance between groups over time. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

DSS-treated mice exhibited progressive alterations in Disease Activity Index (DAI) parameters—including weight loss, changes in stool consistency, and presence of occult blood—consistent with a clinical profile suggestive of ongoing intestinal involvement over time (p < 0.0001, two-way ANOVA). Notably, DSS-treated animals exhibited a significant reduction in latency to fall in the rotarod test compared to untreated controls (p < 0.01), indicating a progressive impairment in motor performance likely reflecting compromised muscle function. These findings extend previous observations obtained in acute models and support the hypothesis that prolonged intestinal inflammation contributes to functional decline in vivo.

Conclusions:

The present chronic murine model successfully reproduces key features of IBD-associated sarcopenia, including persistent intestinal inflammation and measurable motor deficits. This platform enables the investigation of longitudinal changes in the gut–muscle axis and provides a robust tool for the future evaluation of targeted therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating muscle wasting in chronic inflammatory conditions.

Bibliography:

1. Dhaliwal A, Quinlan JI, Overthrow K, Greig C, Lord JM, Armstrong MJ, Cooper SC. Sarcopenia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Narrative Overview. Nutrients. 2021 Feb 17;13(2):656. doi: 10.3390/nu13020656. PMID: 33671473; PMCID: PMC7922969.
2. Li T, Yin D, Shi R. Gut-muscle axis mechanism of exercise prevention of sarcopenia. Front Nutr. 2024 Aug 16;11:1418778. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1418778. PMID: 39221163; PMCID: PMC11362084.
3. Eichele DD, Kharbanda KK. Dextran sodium sulfate colitis murine model: An indispensable tool for advancing our understanding of inflammatory bowel diseases pathogenesis. World J Gastroenterol. 2017 Sep 7;23(33):6016-6029. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i33.6016. PMID: 28970718; PMCID: PMC5597494.

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